What’s the Difference Between Eating Cows and Eating Whales?

As mentioned in a previous blog post, I’ve been reading Sailesh Rao’s excellent book Carbon Dharma: The Occupation of Butterflies. Rao tells a story worth repeating about Dr. Sylvia Earle, the National Geographic Explorer-in-Residence, who recounts a meeting with Kuzno Shima, the head of the Japanese delegation to the International Whaling Commission during the 1990s.

Shima challenged Dr. Earle with this question: “’Americans eat beef, right? What’s the difference between eating steak from a cow and eating whale meat?’ Dr. Earle responded earnestly, contrasting the agricultural production of cows with the wild life of a whale and arguing that there were a billion plus cows on the planet, whereas there were only a few thousand whales left. Shima listened patiently but was not moved, which Dr. Earle couldn’t fathom.”

As Rao read about this encounter in Dr. Earle’s book, The World is Blue, he realized that Dr. Earle was missing a key point. “After all,” Rao writes, “to raise a billion plus cows and other livestock on the planet, humans have appropriated nearly one-third of the ice-free land area of the planet, displacing numerous other species and decimating their numbers. While Americans may not have eaten all the mountain lions, the Indians may not have eaten all the tigers and the Chinese may not have eaten all the Giant Pandas, directly, they all might as well have done so. They certainly caused the habitat losses that have resulted in the near extinction of these magnificent animals through their appetites for beef, milk and pork, respectively. It is these second-order effects on Life of our ever-increasing ecological footprints on the planet that even great scientists such as Dr. Earle have failed to grasp and articulate.”

Rao goes on to say:

“Most Hindus venerate the cow and do not eat beef, but they drink milk and eat cheese. In Western countries, the dairy cow is ruthlessly chopped up into hamburgers as soon as its [sic] milk production declines at the age of four, while the typical Indian cow lives out to an old age of 20 plus years, grazing on forest and other pasture land. This grazing reduces food for the sambhar deer and other wild ruminants which decline in population, putting a downward pressure on the tiger population. And the whole ecosystem suffers. This is why I realized that if I drink milk, then I must be prepared to eat the beef when the dairy cow ceases to be productive and I must be prepared to eat the veal from the male calves of cows in order to optimize my ecological impact. Otherwise, there would be an order of magnitude more cows alive for a given level of milk production, which does happen to be true in India. And as I drink milk in India, I’m effectively eating the tiger and the sambhar deer, etc. Once this realization dawned, I became vegan instantly.”

Given that animal agriculture and meat-eating contribute more to global warming than any other human activity, and given that it causes more habitat destruction as well, diet is perhaps the single most important choice an individual can make. If we don’t want the Japanese to continue whaling, are we prepared to discontinue our destructive habits too?

~ Zoe

Zoe Weil, President, Institute for Humane Education
Author of Most Good, Least Harm, Above All, Be Kind, and The Power and Promise of Humane Education
My TEDxConejo talk: “Solutionaries”
My TEDxDirigo talk: “The World Becomes What You Teach

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Normalizing Violence for Pleasure: Why a Political Scientist Stopped Eating Meat

Image courtesy of
Watershed Post via Creative Commons.

For my blog today, I wanted to share Mark Bittman’s recent essay in The New York Times.

Bittman quotes political science doctoral candidate, Timothy Pachirat, who took a job in a slaughterhouse and worked there for five months: “’I didn’t get into this to focus on animal issues,’ he told me, ‘but my own relationship to eating meat has been transformed, and I now forgo it altogether. It’s just not worth the pleasure when you know the system.’”

I especially appreciate Pachirat’s use of the word “pleasure.” Words matter. With that simple word choice, Pachirat reminds us that we eat animals to please our tastebuds, not because we have to.

For a humane world,

Zoe Weil, President, Institute for Humane Education
Author of Most Good, Least Harm, Above All, Be Kind, and The Power and Promise of Humane Education
My TEDx talk: “The World Becomes What You Teach

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Living According to Our Values Means Questioning Our Choices

On the way to the airport in Guayaquil, Ecuador, I met an observant Jewish man who looked out of place with his yarmulke and long coat in this Latin American, equatorial country. I asked why he had come to Guayaquil and he told me that he is hired to certify kosher food in countries around the world. Waiting in line to check in, I asked him whether in addition to certifying slaughter as kosher he also observed the conditions under which animals were raised, he said he did not. He had, in fact, never visited a modern confinement agriculture system. I talked about how inhumane they were, and he was skeptical.

He asked how I knew they were inhumane. And so I described to him what I have seen myself: hundreds of thousands of chickens crammed into cages in typical egg factories and calves chained at the neck in tiny crates in modern veal factories. I talked about my studies with an observant rabbi who is a vegetarian because he insists not only in following the letter of the law (kosher slaughter was, at its inception, far more humane than typical slaughter of the time), but also the spirit of the law (which clearly rejected cruelty to animals). Only slowly did I seem to pique his interest. I gave him my card and encouraged him to learn more for himself.

Later, I reflected upon this man’s work. He is trying to do what he considers God’s work. He is attempting to deeply live according to his values. Yet, it is harder and harder to do this without an equally strong commitment to learning more, to bringing our inquiry to our choices and actions, to insisting upon greater understanding than what we are likely to obtain from our culture, whether observant Jewish culture or popular culture.

I hope that our brief interaction will spur him to learn more and consider how he can more genuinely live according to his religious beliefs. He mentioned that at his age, he might not pursue more knowledge in this area, but he hesitated as he said this. I like to think he will reconsider and open himself to new knowledge so that he might more fully live his values.

For a humane world,

Zoe Weil, President, Institute for Humane Education
Author of Most Good, Least Harm, Above All, Be Kind, and The Power and Promise of Humane Education
My TEDx talk: “The World Becomes What You Teach

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Educating About Eating Animals

Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have chosen Jonathan Safran Foer’s Eating Animals as the summer reading book for their incoming freshman for 2011. Rarely would summer reading for a college’s new students be newsworthy, but this one is. For a book that so carefully and comprehensively uncovers animal agriculture and meat-eating to be selected among all others as the one every entering freshman must read tells us something important. Factory farming, on land and sea, is no longer simply a trendy topic for middle and upper middle class foodies or committed activists, and hard-hitting books about our food system don’t need to extol the virtues of “small” and “local” and “pasture-raised” as the only alternatives to a system of destruction and cruelty, because in Foer’s book, it’s hard not to conclude that vegetarianism (more commonly marginalized in popular food-critique books) comes out as a moral winner. This is new.

Eating Animals is a beautifully written book. It is both personal and painstakingly researched. There is no proselytism in its pages, though it would be difficult not to want to make more conscientious and compassionate food choices after reading it. It is a book that digs deep and wide where most popular authors about our food system problems fall short. It also offers a voice to different approaches to an ethical diet so that the reader can choose for her/himself.

This is a book everyone should read, and that two major universities have chosen it as summer reading is a testament to both its importance and to the changes that have taken place in our society. We are finally seriously talking within our universities about what we eat and how our food is produced, and with that conversation comes both the recognition that the complex and far-reaching effects of food choices are important for our students to learn about and provides hope for changes in our food system.

Zoe Weil
Author of Most Good, Least Harm, Above All, Be Kind, and The Power and Promise of Humane Education
My TEDx talk

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Building Empathy and Critical Thinking: A Lesson About Animals

At our Summer Institute for teachers at the Institute for Humane Education, participant Betsy Messenger, who is the humane educator at the Catskill Animal Sanctuary in New York, created a lesson on animal issues that was so effective and powerful, I wanted to share it with you. She gathered our group outside and “borrowed” my dogs, whose only task was to run outside and do whatever they wanted to do. Our job was to simply observe them and record on paper the kinds of activities and emotions they were demonstrating in one column, and in another column write down whether we had ever experienced similar emotions. While the dogs demonstrated some acts that people don’t normally do, like tearing grass with their mouths, the emotions they displayed – curiosity, playfulness, attention-seeking, joy, abandon, and so on – were ones familiar to every person.

After observing the dogs, Betsy had us get into groups of four and stand shoulder-to-shoulder, facing one another. Then she drew a circle with chalk just outside of our feet. As we stood awkwardly in our groups, enduring the close contact that is not the norm for our species unless we are intimately connected with a person, Betsy asked us to imagine how we would feel if we were to have certain things done to us — portions of our bodies mutilated, for example — and had us consider how long some might be required to remain like this (a year). After a few minutes she gave us the reprieve to move out of our circles, and she shared with us the reality for chickens and turkeys raised for food and eggs in modern agricultural facilities: intense confinement, debeaking and toe removal, ill health, and so on. Finally, she shared the story of one turkey who was rescued from such a factory farm and showed us photographs of this particular turkey, a positive note on which to end the 20-minute activity.

What I loved about Betsy’s activity was the sequencing of observing another species and relating their behaviors to our own, the kinesthetic experience of pretending to be poultry in confinement, the information about modern confinement agriculture, and the happy ending for at least one turkey. We went on quite a journey in 20 minutes, and Betsy managed to include several elements of humane education in such a short time, including: providing us with accurate information; fostering our curiosity and critical thinking; instilling our reverence, respect, and sense of responsibility; and raising our awareness of choices we can make. So powerful. It reminds me of how much learning can happen in such a brief time when someone carefully crafts a varied and meaningful activity.

(Betsy will be writing this activity up to include in the free downloadable activities in the resources section at our website.)

Zoe Weil
Author of The Power and Promise of Humane Education

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Hens in a Cage = Travelers in a Hotel with Room Service?

This past weekend I had the great privilege of speaking at the Their Lives, Our Voices conference in Minneapolis. I also had the even greater privilege of getting to hear some amazing talks. Paul Shapiro, senior director for factory farming issues at the Humane Society of the United States, gave a talk about rebutting animal agriculture claims. Among the quotes Paul shared were two from Trent Loos, a farmer and radio host who is a spokesperson for a PR group that opposes animal welfare reforms in agriculture. This was one:

“A hen in a cage is actually not that much different from a traveler in a hotel with room service.”

Paul is a witty guy and not easily riled, so he just shared with us two slides. The first of hens in battery cages:

And the second, of travelers in a hotel with room service:

He toggled back and forth between the slides to make sure that we could really tell the difference. Hens in a cage. Travelers in a hotel.

I so appreciated Paul’s humor and way in which he shared such a horrific image in a manner that allowed our compassion to be ignited while using our critical thinking skills and laughing all at the same. Many Americans do not want to see the images of hens in battery cages. They do not want to be confronted with the reality that the eggs they eat – unless they raise hens themselves or only purchase eggs from farms where they’ve witnessed the conditions – almost always come from battery cage facilities in which chickens are treated unimaginably cruelly. To know and to see requires that we either change our behaviors and refuse to let our desires eclipse our values, or to live with the internal conflict that we are regularly contributing to egregious suffering that we would never allow to be perpetrated on our pets.

Zoe Weil
Author of Most Good, Least Harm: A Simple Principle for a Better World and Meaningful Life

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The Hazards of Meat-Eating Hit the Mainstream Media

I’ve been vegan for twenty years. As I learned about the plight of animals in modern agriculture from Peter Singer’s Animal Liberation, John Robbins’ Diet for a New America and numerous undercover films that showed the conditions under which the great majority of animals are raised for food, I knew I didn’t want to participate in causing unnecessary suffering and death to sentient beings. What I learned from books and films was confirmed by my own experiences when I brought high school students to see factory farms for themselves; what we saw solidified my commitment to a plant-based diet. I know that there are farmers who raise animals more humanely, and slaughterhouses that kill animals less brutally and cruelly, but since I don’t need to eat animals — and thereby cause their deaths — I choose not to. And because the system is what it is, in dairy production — even at the most humane farms — calves are still removed from their mothers at birth so the milk meant for the calf can be collected for people; the male offspring are killed because they’re of no use to the dairy industry; and, the dairy cows are eventually slaughtered when they’re no longer producing much milk. And even the most humane egg farms cull (meaning kill) their unproductive older hens and purchase their chicks from hatcheries that destroy the males, who are of no use to the egg industry.

But there are other reasons I was happy to have chosen a vegan diet. I learned about the health hazards of the typical American diet and the ways in which animal-based diets contribute to heart disease, many forms of cancer, strokes, diabetes, kidney disease, and other illnesses. My own health improved when I became vegan.

I also learned about the environmental problems associated with animal agriculture, from global warming to deforestation to water waste to soil erosion to pollution. Then in 2006, the U.N. issued a report citing beef production as contributing more to global warming than transportation. This stunning finding was barely mentioned in the news. So, although I had learned about all these issues from many books, articles, films and research, rarely did I read about the problems associated with meat-eating and animal agriculture in the mainstream media.

Until now.

Quite suddenly, there are numerous articles, TV news reports and interviews, and op-ed essays about the problems associated with meat-eating and the benefits of vegetarianism, and no longer are these coming only from alternative media. They are coming from CNN, The New York Times, Time Magazine, The Times (UK) and more. Here are just a few from the past few weeks:

Take a look and let these articles be food for thought as you consider the diet that does the most good and the least harm for yourself, other people, animals and the environment.

Bon Appetit,

Zoe Weil
Author of Most Good, Least Harm and Above All, Be Kind

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Gratitude to Unsung Heroes: Undercover Animal Rights Investigators

I’ve always been so grateful for those people willing to do undercover investigations. Such work requires such courage, commitment, and sacrifice, and I consider undercover investigators profoundly unsung heroes. In Time, you can read an interview with one such investigator who has been working undercover in the animal agriculture industry. Now I’m even more grateful and more in awe of the incredible personal sacrifice and bravery such work entails.

Without people like this man profiled in Time, those of us trying to make MOGO choices and create MOGO systems would lack the information we must have.

To this unsung hero: Thank you for what you are doing.

~ Zoe

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